Kotlin Data Types
Kotlin Data Types
In Kotlin, the type of a variable is decided by its value:
Example
val myNum = 5 // Int
val myDoubleNum = 5.99 // Double
val myLetter = 'D' // Char
val myBoolean = true // Boolean
val myText = "Hello" // StringHowever, you learned from the previous chapter that it is possible to specify the type if you want:
Example
val myNum: Int = 5 // Int
val myDoubleNum: Double = 5.99 // Double
val myLetter: Char = 'D' // Char
val myBoolean: Boolean = true // Boolean
val myText: String = "Hello" // StringSometimes you have to specify the type, and often you don't. Anyhow, it is good to know what the different types represent.
You will learn more about when you need to specify the type later.
Data types are divided into different groups:
- Numbers
- Characters
- Booleans
- Strings
- Arrays
Numbers
Number types are divided into two groups:
Integer types store whole numbers, positive or negative (such as 123 or -456), without decimals.
Valid types are Byte,
Short, Int
and Long.
Floating point types represent numbers with a fractional part,
containing one or more decimals. There are two types:
Float and Double.
If you don't specify the type for a numeric variable, it is most often
returned as Int for whole numbers and Double for floating point numbers.
Integer Types
Byte
The Byte data type can store whole numbers
from -128 to 127. This can be used instead of Int or other integer types to
save memory when you are certain that the value will be within -128 and 127:
Short
The Short data type can store whole numbers from -32768 to 32767:
Int
The Int data type can store whole numbers
from -2147483648 to 2147483647:
Long
The Long data type can store whole numbers from -9223372036854775807 to 9223372036854775807. This is used when
Int is not large enough to store the value.
Optionally, you can end the value with an "L":
Difference Between Int and Long
A whole number is an Int as long as it is up to 2147483647. If it goes beyond
that, it is defined as Long:
Example
val myNum1 = 2147483647 // Int
val myNum2 = 2147483648 // LongFloating Point Types
Floating point types represent numbers with a decimal, such as 9.99 or 3.14515.
The Float and Double data types can store fractional numbers:
Use Float or Double?
The precision of a floating point value indicates how many digits the value can have
after the decimal point.
The precision of Float is only six or seven
decimal digits, while Double variables have a precision
of about 15 digits. Therefore it is safer to use Double for most calculations.
Also note that you should end the value of a Float type with an "F".
Scientific Numbers
A floating point number can also be a scientific number with an "e" or "E" to indicate the power of 10:
Example
val myNum1: Float = 35E3F
val myNum2: Double = 12E4
println(myNum1)
println(myNum2)Booleans
The Boolean data type and can only take the values true or false:
Example
val isKotlinFun: Boolean = true
val isFishTasty: Boolean = false
println(isKotlinFun) // Outputs true
println(isFishTasty) // Outputs false Boolean values are mostly used for conditional testing, which you will learn more about in a later chapter.
Characters
The Char data type is used to store a
single character. A char value must be
surrounded by single quotes, like 'A' or 'c':
Unlike Java, you cannot use ASCII values to display certain characters. The value 66 would output a "B" in Java, but will generate an error in Kotlin:
Example
val myLetter: Char = 66
println(myLetter) // ErrorStrings
The String data type is used to store a sequence of characters (text). String values must be surrounded by
double quotes:
You will learn more about strings in the Strings chapter.
Arrays
Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of declaring separate variables for each value.
You will learn more about arrays in the Arrays chapter.
Type Conversion
Type conversion is when you convert the value of one data type to another type.
In Kotlin, numeric type conversion is different from Java. For example, it is not possible to convert an Int type to a Long type with the following code:
To convert a numeric data type to another type, you must use one of the following functions: toByte(), toShort(), toInt(), toLong(), toFloat(), toDouble() or toChar():
